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언론 보도: Coercion, Control, Surveillance, and Punishment
July 19, 2012


북한인권위원회(HRNK) 뉴스리포트 : Coercion, Control, Surveillance, and Punishment: An Examination of North Korea’s Police State

워싱턴 디씨에 소재를 둔 비정부단체인 북한인권위원회(HRNK)는 한국경제연구소(KEI)에서 7월 19일 Coercion, Control, Surveillance, and Punishment: An Examination of North Korea’s Police State 을 출간한다. 북한 리더십전문가 Ken E. Gause에 의해 집필된 본 저서는 김씨정권의 북한 주민들에 대한 감시와 지배를 지속하게 하는 안보기구와 밀고자 네트워크의 속을 파헤치고 있다.

북한인권위원회 이사회 공동의장인 앤드류 나치오스는 “북한사람들은 과거 극소수의 사회들만이 감수했던 억압적 지배의 고통을 감수하고 있으며, 이 보고서에 잘 나타난 북한의 잔인한 시스템을 지속하는 것은 북한의 보안기구이다.” 라고 말했다.

Coercion, Control, Surveillance, and Punishment 는 북한의 주요 세 개의 보안기구-국가안전부서, 사회안전부, 군사보안사령부-의 실상을 드러내고 있다. 각 세대와의 복잡성과 관련성이 늘어나는 가운데 이 기구는 김씨 정권의 총제적 지배를 확고히 하기 위해 모든 지역에서의 지속적인 감시와 밀고자 네트워크, 그리고 북한의 악명높은 정치범수용소의 위협에 의지하고 있다.

이 보고서는 김일성과 김정일 정권 아래 세워진 내부 보안기구가 계속해서 김씨 정권의 정치적 지배의 주요 근간이 될 것이라고 밝히고 있다. “60년간 이 내부보안기구는 김씨 가문 독재의 생존을 가능하게 해왔으며 북한이 무너질지, 진전할지, 혹은 그럭저럭 정권을 지속해 나갈지는 북한사회에 깊이 침투해있는 이 보안기구에 크게 달려있다.”라고 Gause는 말했다. 국가보안기구는 김정은이 국경선 감시를 확대하고 북한시장 및 전화통신을 엄중단속하며 권력을 공고히 하는 것을 가능하게 해왔다.

“김정은이 북한 정치체계를 바꾸기 원한다 해도 그는 김정은의 권력지속을 위협하는 이들에 대한 자의적 체포와 비인간적 대우 및 숙청에 여념이 없는 보안요원들의 반대를 견디지 못할 것이다.” 라고 북한인권위원회 이사회 공동의장인 로버타 코헨은 말했다.

이 보안기구는 전체주의적 감시와 억압전략을 통한 이념적 순응을 이끌어내기 위한 정보흐름 통제에 주요역할을 하고 있다. 북한 주민들은 정치범수용소에서 자기비판세션에 참여해야 한다. 또한 국가보안기구는 라디오 채널이 정부채널에 맞춰지는지 상시 확인하며 또한 밤에는 “109분대”가 국경지방을 돌아다니며 밀수입자들을 체포하고 북한에 들어온 한국 TV 쇼와 드라마를 압수한다.

“60년 동안 김씨 왕조 정권의 생존을 가능하게 해왔던 북한의 복잡하고 가차없는 내부 보안기구는 계속해서 김정은 정치통제의 주 근간이 될 것이다. 이 기구가 어떻게 작동하는지에 대한 인식은 김씨 정권이 어떻게 권력을 계속해서 장악하는가를 이해하는 데 필수적이다.”라고 북한인권위원회 사무총장 그레그 스칼라튜는 말했다.

2001년 저명한 외교 및 인권 전문가들에 의해 설립된 북한인권위원회(HRNK)는 증거가 충분히 입증된 리포트와 보고서 출판, 컨퍼런스 주최, 국내 및 국제 토론회에서의 증언, 북한사람들의 고립을 끝내기 위한 창의적 방안 모색 등의 방법으로 북한의 인권상황에 대한 관심을 이끌어내기 위해 노력하고 있다. 북한인권위원회는 가장 최근인 2012년 6월 북한의 사회분류시스템에 대한 저서 Marked For Life 를 출간하였다. 

In this submission, HRNK focuses its attention on the following issues in the DPRK:

  • The status of the system of detention facilities, where a multitude of human rights violations are ongoing.
  • The post-COVID human security and human rights status of North Korean women, with particular attention to sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV).
  • The issue of Japanese abductees and South Korean prisoners of war (POWs), abductees, and unjust detainees.

North Korea's Political Prison Camp, Kwan-li-so No. 25, Update
Joseph S. Bermudez Jr., Greg Scarlatoiu, Raymond Ha
Feb 17, 2024

This report provides an abbreviated update to our previous reports on a long-term political prison commonly identified by former prisoners and researchers as Kwan-li-so No. 25 by providing details of activity observed during 2021–2023.

This report was originally published on Tearline at https://www.tearline.mil/public_page/prison-camp-25.

This report explains how the Kim regime organizes and implements its policy of human rights denial using the Propaganda and Agitation Department (PAD) to preserve and strengthen its monolithic system of control. The report also provides detailed background on the history of the PAD, as well as a human terrain map that details present and past PAD leadership.

HRNK's latest satellite imagery report analyzes a 5.2 km-long switchback road, visible in commercial satellite imagery, that runs from Testing Tunnel No. 1 at North Korea's Punggye-ri nuclear test facility to the perimeter of Kwan-li-so (political prison camp) no. 16.

This report proposes a long-term, multilateral legal strategy, using existing United Nations resolutions and conventions, and U.S. statutes that are either codified or proposed in appended model legislation, to find, freeze, forfeit, and deposit the proceeds of the North Korean government's kleptocracy into international escrow. These funds would be available for limited, case-by-case disbursements to provide food and medical care for poor North Koreans, and--contingent upon Pyongyang's progress

National Strategy for Countering North Korea
Joseph, Collins, DeTrani, Eberstadt, Enos, Maxwell, Scarlatoiu
Jan 23, 2023

For thirty years, U.S. North Korea policy have sacrificed human rights for the sake of addressing nuclear weapons. Both the North Korean nuclear and missile programs have thrived. Sidelining human rights to appease the North Korean regime is not the answer, but a fundamental flaw in U.S. policy.

(Published by the National Institute for Public Policy)

North Korea’s forced labor enterprise and its state sponsorship of human trafficking certainly continued until the onset of the COVID pandemic. HRNK has endeavored to determine if North Korean entities responsible for exporting workers to China and Russia continued their activities under COVID as well.

George Hutchinson's The Suryong, the Soldier, and Information in the KPA is the second of three building blocks of a multi-year HRNK project to examine North Korea's information environment. Hutchinson's thoroughly researched and sourced report addresses the circulation of information within the Korean People's Army (KPA). Understanding how KPA soldiers receive their information is needed to prepare information campaigns while taking into account all possible contingenc

North Korea’s Political Prison Camp, Kwan-li-so No. 14, Update 1
Joseph S. Bermudez, Jr., Greg Scarlatoiu, and Amanda Mortwedt Oh
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This report is part of a comprehensive long-term project undertaken by HRNK to use satellite imagery and former prisoner interviews to shed light on human suffering in North Korea by monitoring activity at political prison facilities throughout the nation. This is the second HRNK satellite imagery report detailing activity observed during 2015 to 2021 at a prison facility commonly identified by former prisoners and researchers as “Kwan-li-so No. 14 Kaech’ŏn” (39.646810, 126.117058) and

North Korea's Long-term Prison-Labor Facility, Kyo-hwa-so No.3, T’osŏng-ni (토성리)
Joseph S Bermudez Jr, Greg Scarlatoiu, Amanda Oh, & Rosa Tokola
Nov 03, 2021

This report is part of a comprehensive long-term project undertaken by HRNK to use satellite imagery and former prisoner interviews to shed light on human suffering in North Korea by monitoring activity at civil and political prison facilities throughout the nation. This study details activity observed during 1968–1977 and 2002–2021 at a prison facility commonly identified by former prisoners and researchers as "Kyo-hwa-so No. 3, T'osŏng-ni" and endeavors to e

North Korea’s Political Prison Camp, Kwan-li-so No. 25, Update 3
Joseph S Bermudez Jr, Greg Scarlatoiu, Amanda Oh, & Rosa Tokola
Sep 30, 2021

This report is part of a comprehensive long-term project undertaken by HRNK to use satellite imagery and former detainee interviews to shed light on human suffering in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK, more commonly known as North Korea) by monitoring activity at political prison facilities throughout the nation. This report provides an abbreviated update to our previous reports on a long-term political prison commonly identified by former prisoners and researchers as Kwan-li-so<

North Korea’s Potential Long-Term  Prison-Labor Facility at Sŏnhwa-dong (선화동)
Joseph S. Bermudez, Jr., Greg Scarlatoiu, Amanda Oh, & Rosa Park
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Through satellite imagery analysis and witness testimony, HRNK has identified a previously unknown potential kyo-hwa-so long-term prison-labor facility at Sŏnhwa-dong (선화동) P’ihyŏn-gun, P’yŏngan-bukto, North Korea. While this facility appears to be operational and well maintained, further imagery analysis and witness testimony collection will be necessary in order to irrefutably confirm that Sŏnhwa-dong is a kyo-hwa-so.

North Korea’s Long-term Prison-Labor Facility Kyo-hwa-so No. 8, Sŭngho-ri (승호리) - Update
Joseph S Bermudez, Jr, Greg Scarlatoiu, Amanda M Oh, & Rosa Park
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"North Korea’s Long-term Prison-Labor Facility Kyo-hwa-so No. 8, Sŭngho-ri (승호리) - Update" is the latest report under a long-term project employing satellite imagery analysis and former political prisoner testimony to shed light on human suffering in North Korea's prison camps.

Human Rights in the Democratic Republic of Korea: The Role of the United Nations" is HRNK's 50th report in our 20-year history. This is even more meaningful as David Hawk's "Hidden Gulag" (2003) was the first report published by HRNK. In his latest report, Hawk details efforts by many UN member states and by the UN’s committees, projects and procedures to promote and protect human rights in the DPRK.  The report highlights North Korea’s shifts in its approach

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