Camp 16 is North Korea’s largest kwan-li-so, and is the only one with no known witnesses or escapees. Image analysis indicates that the camp remains operational and well-maintained, with its activities primarily focused on logging and agriculture with smaller instances of mining, light industry, and hydroelectric power production. Changes in camp features indicate enhanced security measures and expansion of economic activity, as well as suggesting significant increases in prisoner population and possible use of forced labor in the nearby Punggye-ri Nuclear Test Facility. HRNK recommends continued monitoring to document further changes, develop more conclusive evidence of prisoner population size, identify possible human rights abuses, and investigate the possible use of forced labor in the Punggye-ri Nuclear Test Facility.