Description:
2015년 4월 29일 톰 란토스 인권위원회가 주최한 “북한의 강제 노동 사업: 정부 주도 하의 인신매매 시장”에 대한 청문회에 제출한 북한인권위원회 사무총장 그레그 스칼라튜의 서면 증언
피츠 의장님, 안녕하십니까. 북한인권위원회를 대표해서 북한의 강제 노동 시장과 북한 정부의 인신매매 가담 실태를 의장님과 논할 수 있도록 초청해주심에 큰 감사를 드립니다. 의장님과 이러한 주제들을 논할 기회가 주어진 것을 영광스럽게 생각합니다.
북한의 “궁중 경제”
북한의 핵·미사일 개발과 군사적 도발은 국제사회의 평화와 안보를 위협하고 있으며 미국의 외교·안보 정책에도 도전을 제기하고 있습니다. 북한 주민의 반대를 억누르기 위한 가차 없는 감시와 탄압, 국제사회로부터의 고립, 그리고 기본적 인권의 유린은 한반도의 평화와 안보를 약화하고 있습니다.
북한의 외화벌이 조직인 “궁중 경제”(미국 북한인권위원회 김광진 방문 연구원이 고안한 용어)는 북한 정권이 3대에 걸쳐 권력을 유지할 수 있게 해 준 수단입니다. 수만 명의 근로자를 해외로 파견해서 노동력을 수출하는 활동은 이 “궁중 경제”의 일부이며, 김 씨 정권을 유지하는 데에 중요한 역할을 하는 외화벌이 활동의 일부입니다. 이는 북한 국민을 대상으로 한 북한 정부의 인권 유린 사례 중 비교적 확연한 사례라고 할 수 있습니다.
해외 파견 근로자의 실태와 궁중 경제의 운영 원리를 이해하는 것은 북한 정권이 어떻게 생존해왔는지에 대한 이유를 더욱 정확하게 판단할 수 있도록 할 것입니다. 이는 또한 북한 정권의 안보 위협과 인권 유린에 대응하기 위한 더욱 효과적인 제재를 준비할 수 있게 할 것이며, 그럼으로써 북한의 인권 상황을 개선해 나아갈 수 있도록 할 것입니다.
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In this submission, HRNK focuses its attention on the following issues in the DPRK:
This report provides an abbreviated update to our previous reports on a long-term political prison commonly identified by former prisoners and researchers as Kwan-li-so No. 25 by providing details of activity observed during 2021–2023.
This report was originally published on Tearline at https://www.tearline.mil/public_page/prison-camp-25.
This report explains how the Kim regime organizes and implements its policy of human rights denial using the Propaganda and Agitation Department (PAD) to preserve and strengthen its monolithic system of control. The report also provides detailed background on the history of the PAD, as well as a human terrain map that details present and past PAD leadership.
HRNK's latest satellite imagery report analyzes a 5.2 km-long switchback road, visible in commercial satellite imagery, that runs from Testing Tunnel No. 1 at North Korea's Punggye-ri nuclear test facility to the perimeter of Kwan-li-so (political prison camp) no. 16.
This report proposes a long-term, multilateral legal strategy, using existing United Nations resolutions and conventions, and U.S. statutes that are either codified or proposed in appended model legislation, to find, freeze, forfeit, and deposit the proceeds of the North Korean government's kleptocracy into international escrow. These funds would be available for limited, case-by-case disbursements to provide food and medical care for poor North Koreans, and--contingent upon Pyongyang's progress
For thirty years, U.S. North Korea policy have sacrificed human rights for the sake of addressing nuclear weapons. Both the North Korean nuclear and missile programs have thrived. Sidelining human rights to appease the North Korean regime is not the answer, but a fundamental flaw in U.S. policy.
(Published by the National Institute for Public Policy)
North Korea’s forced labor enterprise and its state sponsorship of human trafficking certainly continued until the onset of the COVID pandemic. HRNK has endeavored to determine if North Korean entities responsible for exporting workers to China and Russia continued their activities under COVID as well.
George Hutchinson's The Suryong, the Soldier, and Information in the KPA is the second of three building blocks of a multi-year HRNK project to examine North Korea's information environment. Hutchinson's thoroughly researched and sourced report addresses the circulation of information within the Korean People's Army (KPA). Understanding how KPA soldiers receive their information is needed to prepare information campaigns while taking into account all possible contingenc
This report is part of a comprehensive long-term project undertaken by HRNK to use satellite imagery and former prisoner interviews to shed light on human suffering in North Korea by monitoring activity at political prison facilities throughout the nation. This is the second HRNK satellite imagery report detailing activity observed during 2015 to 2021 at a prison facility commonly identified by former prisoners and researchers as “Kwan-li-so No. 14 Kaech’ŏn” (39.646810, 126.117058) and
This report is part of a comprehensive long-term project undertaken by HRNK to use satellite imagery and former prisoner interviews to shed light on human suffering in North Korea by monitoring activity at civil and political prison facilities throughout the nation. This study details activity observed during 1968–1977 and 2002–2021 at a prison facility commonly identified by former prisoners and researchers as "Kyo-hwa-so No. 3, T'osŏng-ni" and endeavors to e
This report is part of a comprehensive long-term project undertaken by HRNK to use satellite imagery and former detainee interviews to shed light on human suffering in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK, more commonly known as North Korea) by monitoring activity at political prison facilities throughout the nation. This report provides an abbreviated update to our previous reports on a long-term political prison commonly identified by former prisoners and researchers as Kwan-li-so<
Through satellite imagery analysis and witness testimony, HRNK has identified a previously unknown potential kyo-hwa-so long-term prison-labor facility at Sŏnhwa-dong (선화동) P’ihyŏn-gun, P’yŏngan-bukto, North Korea. While this facility appears to be operational and well maintained, further imagery analysis and witness testimony collection will be necessary in order to irrefutably confirm that Sŏnhwa-dong is a kyo-hwa-so.
"North Korea’s Long-term Prison-Labor Facility Kyo-hwa-so No. 8, Sŭngho-ri (승호리) - Update" is the latest report under a long-term project employing satellite imagery analysis and former political prisoner testimony to shed light on human suffering in North Korea's prison camps.
Human Rights in the Democratic Republic of Korea: The Role of the United Nations" is HRNK's 50th report in our 20-year history. This is even more meaningful as David Hawk's "Hidden Gulag" (2003) was the first report published by HRNK. In his latest report, Hawk details efforts by many UN member states and by the UN’s committees, projects and procedures to promote and protect human rights in the DPRK. The report highlights North Korea’s shifts in its approach
South Africa’s Apartheid and North Korea’s Songbun: Parallels in Crimes against Humanity by Robert Collins underlines similarities between two systematically, deliberately, and thoroughly discriminatory repressive systems. This project began with expert testimony Collins submitted as part of a joint investigation and documentation project scrutinizing human rights violations committed at North Korea’s short-term detention facilities, conducted by the Committee for Human Rights